• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    It is a pressure compensated subsea electrical system (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e). The pressure compensated subsea electrical system comprises a housing (8) filled with a dielectric liquid (12). The housing has a first housing portion (8a) and a second housing portion (8b) in pressure communication with each other. The first housing portion comprises a transformer (3), and the second housing portion comprises a power converter (4). The pressure compensated subsea electrical system comprises a pressure compensator (2) arranged to compensate for the pressure within the housing. The pressure compensator is enabled to compensate the pressure in both the first housing portion and the second housing portion.
    公开号:BR112017003210B1
    申请号:R112017003210-4
    申请日:2015-08-10
    公开日:2022-02-01
    发明作者:Tor Laneryd；Thomas GRADINGER；Heinz Lendenmann；Esa Virtanen；Thomas Wagner；Timo Koivuluoma
    申请人:Abb Schweiz Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF TECHNIQUE
    [001] The invention relates to subsea electrical systems, and particularly to a pressure compensated subsea electrical system. BACKGROUND
    [002] In general terms, subsea electrical installations and devices normally demand high standards related to durability, long-term functionality and independence during operation. Subsea electrical installations that need to be cooled during operation, such as subsea converters, require autonomous and durable cooling of their components. It is known to use a dielectric liquid of low compression capacity such as mineral oil as a cooling fluid. The dielectric fluid can also be composed of natural or synthetic esters. In general terms, the dielectric fluid is used to provide a pressure compensated environment, and additionally functions as a means of electrical isolation of electrical components, such as capacitor units, placed in the electrical installation. The tanks of subsea electronic power equipment, such as subsea converters, are thus typically filled with oil, which acts as a means of electrical isolation and combined cooling. The oil receives heat from the internal converter components and transfers it to the seawater through the tank wall or through a heat exchanger.
    [003] In some cases, the tank is equipped with a pressure compensation system so that the internal pressure is close to or equal to the external pressure. Arrangements comprising such pressure compensation systems will from this point onwards be referred to as pressure compensated arrangements. The provision of a pressure compensation system places significantly less strain on the tank walls, compared to tanks (as part of a subsea electrical system) without pressure compensation systems. For example, the pressure at a depth of 3000 meters is 30,000 kPa (300 bar).
    [004] Typically, a power converter requires several electrical connections to a transformer. Known subsea power systems typically place the converter and transformer in separate tanks with separate pressure compensation systems, and with wet connections for electrical coupling.
    [005] Figure 1 schematically illustrates such a known pressure compensated subsea electrical system 1a. The pressure compensated subsea electrical system 1a comprises a first tank comprising a transformer 3 and a second tank comprising a power converter 4. The tanks are joined by a connection. Each tank is filled with a dielectric fluid 12 and has its own separate pressure compensation system 2a, 2b.
    [006] WO 2008/055515 (see especially Figure 3 therein) describes a converter and a transformer, both located within a liquid impermeable housing. According to WO 2008/055515 the converter is located inside an additional liquid impermeable housing and consequently there is no fluid communication between them.
    [007] EP2579438 (see especially Figure 6 therein) discloses a converter and a transformer, but does not mention fluid communication.
    [008] It is also known from the prior art (as in WO 2008/055515) a pressure compensated subsea electrical system where a converter tank filled with liquid is placed inside a main container, which also houses the transformer. Figure 2 schematically illustrates such a known pressure compensated subsea electrical system 1b. The subsea electrical system 1b thus comprises a first tank, filled with a dielectric fluid 12, which comprises a transformer 3 and which has a pressure compensation system 2a. The first tank, in turn, additionally comprises a second tank. The second tank, also filled with a dielectric fluid 12, comprises a power converter 4 and has a pressure compensation system 2b.
    [009] In general terms, the power converter has high thermal losses, but requires low temperatures in order to operate efficiently. The tank wall surface is generally not sufficient to achieve the required cooling. The surface can be extended using tank corrugations, cooling fins or an external heat exchanger, but this adds to the cost and weight of the pressure compensated subsea electrical system. On the other hand, the transformer is less sensitive to high temperatures.
    [0010] EP 2 717401 A1 refers to a subsea electrical power system. The subsea electrical power system includes a first subsea electrical device having a first subsea housing and a second subsea electrical device having a second subsea housing. The first subsea fixture and the second subsea fixture are mounted on a common frame. A duct is provided between the first subsea housing and the second subsea housing.
    [0011] In view of the above, there continues to be a need for an improved pressure compensated subsea electrical system comprising a transformer and a power converter. SUMMARY
    [0012] An objective of the modalities in the present document is to provide efficient pressure compensated subsea electrical systems comprising a transformer and a power converter.
    [0013] Particularly, according to a first aspect, a pressure compensated subsea electrical system is presented. The pressure compensated subsea electrical system comprises a housing filled with a dielectric liquid. The housing has a first housing portion and a second housing portion in pressure communication with each other. The first housing portion comprises a transformer, and the second housing portion comprises a power converter. The pressure compensated subsea electrical system comprises a pressure compensator arranged to compensate for the pressure within the housing. The pressure compensator is enabled to compensate the pressure in both the first housing portion and the second housing portion.
    [0014] Having a subsea power converter and a subsea transformer placed in a shared dielectric liquid filled housing brings several advantages and technical effects.
    [0015] Advantageously, only one pressure compensation system is required.
    [0016] Advantageously, there is no need for wet connections between the subsea power converter and the subsea transformer.
    [0017] Advantageously, the housing will have a large surface that can be used to reduce the operating temperature of the power converter.
    [0018] Advantageously, the housing can be extended vertically to improve the natural connecting flow of the dielectric liquid.
    [0019] Advantageously, this enables temperature-sensitive components to be placed in the cold environment.
    [0020] Advantageously, the subsea transformer can be positioned so that the transformer losses generate a natural connecting flow of the dielectric liquid that helps to cool the subsea power converter. This can be achieved either by positioning the transformer above the power converter or by providing cooling channels through a split wall.
    [0021] Advantageously, temperature gradients within semiconductor arrays and absolute temperatures can be reduced.
    [0022] Other objectives, features, and advantages of the attached modalities will become apparent from the disclosures detailed below, from the attached embodiments, as well as from the drawings.
    [0023] In general, all terms used in the embodiments should be interpreted according to their common meaning in the field of the art, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "an element, apparatus, component, medium, stage, etc." shall be openly interpreted as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, medium, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein need not be performed in the exact order disclosed unless explicitly stated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0024] The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    [0025] Figures 1 and 2 schematically illustrate subsea electrical systems with pressure compensated according to the prior art;
    [0026] Figures 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 schematically illustrate subsea electrical systems with pressure compensated according to the modalities;
    [0027] Figures 5 and 7 schematically illustrate the arrangements of a transformer and power converter components for use in a pressure compensated subsea electrical system according to the modalities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0028] The invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, certain embodiments of the invention being shown. This invention may be embodied, however, in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example so that such disclosure is thorough and complete, and fully represents the scope of the invention to persons skilled in the art. Similar numbers refer to similar elements throughout the description.
    [0029] Cooling systems for electrical equipment, and specifically for subsea electrical systems, are used to cool electrical components such as transformers, power converters, power electronics building blocks, semiconductor modules, connectors and power units. capacitor. Such electrical components generate heat that needs to be dissipated by the cooling system. The cooling systems of subsea electrical systems are usually designed in a simple way, which prevents any unnecessary parts and mechanisms. It is generally desirable to have passive cooling systems, thus cooling systems without any live or live parts, eg without pumps, to cool electrical equipment. In some cases, natural convection is used. Natural convection cooling uses heat transfer from the coolant to the surrounding seawater to generate circulation within the cooling system and thus within electrical systems.
    [0030] Reference is now made to Figures 3 to 9. Figures 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 are cross-sectional side views illustrating pressure compensated subsea electrical systems according to embodiments. Figures 5 and 7 schematically illustrate the arrangements of a transformer and power converter components for use in a pressure compensated subsea electrical system in accordance with the modalities.
    [0031] In general terms, a subsea electrical system with pressure compensated 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e is provided.
    [0032] The pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e comprises a housing 8. Housing 8 may be a tank. Housing 8 is filled with a dielectric liquid 12. The dielectric liquid 12 may be oil. Housing 8 has a first housing portion 8a and a second housing portion 8b. The first housing portion 8a and the second housing portion 8b are in pressure communication with each other. Pressure communication can be fluid communication. The first housing portion 8a comprises a transformer 3 and the second housing portion 8b comprises a power converter 4.
    [0033] The pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e additionally comprises a pressure compensator 2. The pressure compensator 2 is arranged to compensate the pressure inside the housing 8. The pressure compensator 2 is enabled of compensating the pressure in both the first housing portion 8a and the second housing portion 8b.
    [0034] The particular advantages and technical effects for such a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e have been summarized above. Particularly, only one pressure compensation system, as defined by the pressure compensator 2, is required for the first housing portion 8a and the second housing portion 8b.
    [0035] In use, electrical components such as transformer 3 and power converter 4 generate heat. Generally speaking, for some electrical components, increased temperature is a common voltage factor. In subsea environments, such as subsea electrical systems, which require high reliability, the thermal stress must therefore be limited to a minimum. In electrical components, energy is dissipated during operation. This energy is conducted to the external walls of the electrical components, and it is carried to the surroundings, such as to a dielectric liquid 12 that surrounds the electrical components. From the dielectric liquid 12, heat is transferred to the surrounding water. In more detail, the heat from the dielectric liquid 12 is transferred to the walls of the housing 8 and from them to the water surrounding the housing 8. Efficient cooling of the electrical components allows the temperature of the electrical components hotspot to be limited.
    [0036] Particular optional features of such pressure compensated subsea electrical systems will now be described.
    [0037] The first housing portion 8a may comprise a tank wall 8c for transferring heat from the power converter 4. The tank wall 8c may comprise corrugations or cooling fins.
    [0038] There may be different ways of providing the first housing portion 8a and the second housing portion 8b in the housing 8. For example, the housing 8 may additionally comprise at least one partition wall 9. The at least one wall separation 9 may be arranged between the power converter 4 and the transformer 3. Examples of such pressure compensated subsea electrical systems 5d and 5e are schematically illustrated in Figures 8 and 9.
    [0039] For such pressure compensated subsea electrical systems 5d and 5e, the pressure communication may consist of at least one through hole 10 in at least one partition wall 9. An example of such a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5e is illustrated schematically in Figure 9. Alternatively, the at least one partition wall 9 acts as a guide to guide a flow of the dielectric liquid between the first housing portion 8a and the second housing portion 8b. An example of such a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5d is schematically illustrated in Figure 8.
    [0040] There may be different dimensions of the through hole (or through holes). For example, the at least one through hole has a total cross-section of at least 1 square centimeter. Therefore, the total cross-section of all through-holes can be at least 1 square centimeter.
    [0041] There may be different ways of providing electrical connectivity between transformer 3 and power converter 4. For example, at least one electrical connection 7 may be carried out through the at least one through hole 10 in the at least one partition wall 9 to electrically connect power converter 4 and transformer 3. An example of such a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5e is schematically illustrated in Figure 9.
    [0042] There may be different ways to arrange power converter 4 and transformer 3 relative to each other. For example, transformer 3 and power converter 4 can be arranged so that, in use, transformer 3 is arranged in a vertical position above power converter 4. An example of such a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5c is schematically illustrated in Figure 6. For example, transformer 3 and power converter 4 can be arranged so that, in use, transformer 3 is arranged in a horizontal position between two power converters 4. An example of such an electrical system Pressure compensated submarine 5b is schematically illustrated in Figure 4.
    [0043] There may be different ways of providing cooling for power converter 4 and transformer 3. For example, pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e may comprise a cooling circuit 11 through which dielectric liquid 12 flows. The cooling circuit 12 comprises at least the power converter 4 and the transformer 3. Examples of such pressure compensated subsea electrical systems 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e are schematically illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9.
    [0044] There may be different ways to arrange power converter 4 and transformer 3 along cooling circuit 11. For example, power converter 4 and transformer 3 can be connected in series along cooling circuit 11. The flow of dielectric liquid 12 within the cooling circuit 12 may be driven at least partially by natural convection. Additionally, transformer 3 and power converter 4 can be arranged with respect to cooling circuit 11 so that the flow of dielectric liquid 12 is induced by thermal losses in transformer 3 and is used at least partially to cool the power converter. 4.
    [0045] The pressure compensated subsea electrical system may additionally comprise a heat exchanger 6. The heat exchanger 6 may be provided in an external wall of the housing 8. An example of such a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5d is schematically illustrated in Figure 8. The heat exchanger 6 may be arranged to receive the dielectric liquid 12 from the first housing portion 8a and to supply the dielectric liquid 12 to the second housing portion 8b.
    [0046] Particular embodiments relating to at least some of the pressure compensated subsea electrical systems disclosed above will be described with reference to Figures 3 to 9.
    [0047] According to a first embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 3, the pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5a can comprise a power converter 4 and a transformer 3 in the same housing 8, where the cooling flows are mixed, so that so that a large area of housing 8 can be used to partially cool power converter 3. Additionally, placing transformer 3 and power converter 4 in a shared housing requires only a pressure compensator 2.
    [0048] According to a second embodiment of a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5b, as illustrated in Figure 4, the constituent cells of the power converter 4 are mounted around the transformer 3, which thus achieves a very compact. In general terms, the present document has provided arrangements that create great mechanical and electrical design flexibility so that the equipment can be made very compact. Only one pressure compensator 2 is needed. Figure 5 schematically illustrates an arrangement of a transformer 3 and components of a power converter 4 for use in a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5b according to the embodiment of Figure 4. Therefore, generalizing the embodiment of Figure 5 , an arrangement of a transformer 3 and components of a power converter 4 for use in a subsea electrical system is provided in which the transformer 3 and the components of the power converter 4 are arranged so that, in use, the transformer 3 is arranged in a horizontal position between two power converters 4 (or between two components of a power converter).
    [0049] According to a third embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 6, where the transformer 3 of a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5c was positioned vertically above the power converter 4 so that the transformer losses induce a flux of natural convection of the dielectric liquid 12 which helps to cool the power converter 4. Only one pressure compensator 2 is needed. Figure 7 schematically illustrates an arrangement of a transformer 3 and components of a power converter 4 for use in a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5c according to the embodiment of Figure 6. Therefore, generalizing the embodiment of Figure 7 , an arrangement of a transformer 3 and components of a power converter 4 for use in a subsea electrical system is provided in which the transformer 3 and the components of the power converter 4 are arranged so that, in use, the transformer 3 is arranged in a vertical position above (the components of) the power converter 4.
    [0050] According to a fourth embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 8, the transformer losses induce a natural convection flow that helps to cool the power converter 4. In contrast to the Figure 6 embodiment, the natural convection flow becomes according to the pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5d of the present embodiment achieved by guiding the flow of the dielectric liquid 12 through ducts as formed by the separation wall 9. Additionally, in accordance with the present embodiment, the electrical system pressure compensated submarine 5c has a shared cooling cycle that includes an external heat exchanger 6. The flow of dielectric liquid 12 is guided so that losses in transformer 3 induce a natural convection flow through power converter 4. Only a pressure compensator 2 is required.
    [0051] According to a fifth embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 9, it is also possible to design a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5e so that transformer 3 and power converter 4 each have their own cooling cycle separately and use different parts of the housing surface for heat transfer to the surrounding seawater. Transformer 3 and power converter 4 are separated by a partition wall 9 to keep the heat transfer between them limited. There may be small through holes 10 in the partition wall 9 so that the dielectric liquid 12 is in pressure communication and only a pressure compensator is needed 12. The through holes 10 may additionally be used to allow an electrical connection 7 to be established between transformer 3 and power converter 4.
    [0052] The invention has been described above primarily with reference to a few embodiments. However, as is readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, embodiments other than those disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended embodiments. For example, although oil has been used as an example of dielectric liquid 12, it is understood that any suitable dielectric liquid 12 can be used. For example, while reference has been made to a single power converter 4, any of the pressure compensated subsea electrical systems 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e disclosed herein may comprise a plurality of power converters 4.
    [0053] Additionally, although reference has been made to a pressure compensated subsea electrical system 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, according to one aspect, a subsea converter is also provided. Such a subsea converter may comprise any components or features of pressure compensated subsea electrical systems 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e disclosed herein. Thus, a subsea converter may comprise a housing 8 filled with a dielectric liquid 12, the housing having a first housing portion 8a and a second housing portion 8b in pressure communication with each other, the first housing portion being comprises a transformer 3, and the second housing portion comprising a power converter 4. Thus, a subsea converter may further comprise a pressure compensator 2 arranged to compensate for the pressure within the housing, the pressure compensator being enabled to compensate for pressure in both the first housing portion and the second housing portion. Thus, a subsea converter may additionally comprise any optional components or features of the pressure compensated subsea electrical systems 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e disclosed herein.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    1. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e), characterized in that it comprises a subsea housing (8) filled with a dielectric liquid (12), the subsea housing (8) having a first housing portion (8a) and a second housing portion (8b) in pressure communication with each other, the first housing portion (8a) comprising a transformer (3), and the second housing portion (8b) comprising a converter power (4); a pressure compensator (2) arranged to compensate pressure inside the subsea housing (8) to oppose an external pressure of a liquid medium surrounding the subsea housing (8), whereby the pressure compensator (2) is able to compensate pressure both in the first housing portion (8a) and in the second housing portion (8b); and a cooling circuit (11) through which the dielectric liquid (12) flows, the cooling circuit (11) comprising the power converter (4) and the transformer (3), the transformer (3) being arranged in a vertical position directly above the power converter (4) so that the dielectric fluid flow (12) is generated by thermal losses from the transformer (3) and cools the power converter (4).
    [0002]
    2. Pressure compensated submarine electrical system, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that pressure communication is fluid communication.
    [0003]
    3. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 2, characterized in that the first housing portion (8a) comprises a tank wall (8c) to transfer heat from the power converter (4).
    [0004]
    4. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first housing portion (9a) comprises a tank wall (8c) for transferring heat from the power converter (4).
    [0005]
    5. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 4, characterized in that the tank wall (8c) comprises ripples or cooling fins.
    [0006]
    6. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the power converter (4) and the transformer (3) are connected in series along the cooling circuit (11).
    [0007]
    7. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 6, characterized in that a flow of the dielectric liquid (12) within the cooling circuit (11) is driven at least partially by natural convection.
    [0008]
    8. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 7, characterized in that the transformer (3) and the power converter (4) are arranged in relation to the cooling circuit (11) so that the flow of the dielectric liquid (12) is induced by thermal losses in the transformer (3) and is at least partially used to cool the power converter (4).
    [0009]
    9. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 6, characterized in that the transformer (3) and the power converter (4) are arranged in relation to the cooling circuit (11) so that the flow of the dielectric liquid (12) is induced by thermal losses in the transformer (3) and is at least partially used to cool the power converter (4).
    [0010]
    10. Pressure compensated subsea electrical system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the power converter (4) comprises cells and the transformer (3) comprises a plurality of parts, and each part of the transformer (3) is aligned with a respective portion of the power converter cells (4).
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    法律状态:
    2020-05-26| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-06| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|Owner name: ABB SCHWEIZ AG (CH) |
    2021-12-28| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2022-02-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/08/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP14181874.0|2014-08-22|
    EP14181874.0A|EP2988311B1|2014-08-22|2014-08-22|Pressure compensated subsea electrical system|
    PCT/EP2015/068376|WO2016026729A1|2014-08-22|2015-08-10|Pressure compensated subsea electrical system|
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